🌍 Earth fixed, established, or unmoving

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These are often cited to suggest a stable, non-moving Earth:

• Psalms 93:1 – “The world is established; it shall never be moved.”
• 1 Chronicles 16:30 – “The world also shall be stable, that it be not moved.”
• Ecclesiastes 1:5 – “The sun rises and the sun goes down, and hastens to the place where it rises.”
• Psalms 96:10 – “The world is firmly established, it cannot be moved.”

🔎 Flat Earth / geocentric reading:
Earth is stationary; motion is attributed to the sun.

🔎 Mainstream reading:
Poetic language about stability and order, not physics.

🧱 Foundations, pillars, and structure

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• Job 9:6 – “He shakes the earth from its place, and its pillars tremble.”
• 1 Samuel 2:8 – “For the pillars of the earth are the Lord’s, and on them he has set the world.”
• Psalms 75:3 – “When the earth and all its people quake, it is I who hold its pillars firm.”

🔎 These are often taken as implying a structured, supported Earth, not a floating sphere.

🌌 The firmament (dome-like sky)

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• Genesis 1:6–8 – The firmament divides waters above and below
• Genesis 1:14–17 – Sun, moon, stars set in the firmament
• Ezekiel 1:22–26 – Describes a “vault” like crystal above
• Job 37:18 – “Can you, like him, spread out the skies, hard as a molten mirror?”

🔎 FE interpretation: solid dome overhead
🔎 Mainstream: poetic/ancient cosmology language

🌅 Sun and moon moving across the sky

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• Joshua 10:12–13 – “Sun, stand still… and the sun stood still.”
• Psalms 19:4–6 – Sun “runs its course across the sky”
• Habakkuk 3:11 – “Sun and moon stood still in the heavens”

🔎 These are central to geocentric interpretations:

• Sun moves
• Earth does not

🌍 “Ends” or “edges” of the Earth

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• Isaiah 11:12 – “Gather the dispersed… from the four corners of the earth”
• Revelation 7:1 – “Four angels standing at the four corners of the earth”
• Job 28:24 – “He sees to the ends of the earth”
• Proverbs 30:4 – “Who has gathered the wind in his fists… established all the ends of the earth?”

🔎 Often interpreted as:

• A bounded Earth
• With edges or extremities

🔎 Mainstream view:

• Idiomatic language (like “ends of the earth” today)

👁️ Visibility across the whole Earth

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• Matthew 4:8 – Devil shows Jesus “all the kingdoms of the world” from a high mountain
• Daniel 4:11 – Tree visible “to the ends of the whole earth”

🔎 Used to argue:

• A globally visible surface
• Which conflicts with spherical curvature

🌊 Waters above and below

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• Psalms 148:4 – “Waters above the heavens”
• Genesis 7:11 – “Windows of heaven opened” (flood narrative)

🔎 Suggests:

• A layered structure
• Not empty space as commonly described today